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This is an example of how to calculate polynomials via successive differences. The polynomials are used as approximations to various mathematical functions, such as the logarithm or the cosine functions.
By starting with the initial values and then performing simple additions, the result R of the equation for each value of x can be easily (if not quickly) calculated. This is the same process the Difference Engine uses, except mechanically. It is also the same process used by human calculators to create the books of tables by hand.
The poster on the left is a magnfication of Babbage's original plans that the builders at the London Science Museum used in building the machine.

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